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(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-She d 1 S. C. SALISBURY.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ILLUMINATING GAS.

No. s17.5s1.- Patented May 12, 1885.

(No Mbdel. I '2 SheetsSheet 2.;

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APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ILLUMINATING GAS. No. 317,581. Patented May12, 1885.

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UNITED STATES j PATENT- is OFFICE;

SILAS o. SALISBURY, orNnw YORK, ASSIGNOR TOLEVI r. nose, or YONKERS, N.Y.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ILLUM l NATING-GAS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 317,581, dated May. 12,1885.

Application filed June 6. i854. (Xe model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, SILAS G. SALISBURY, of the city, county, and Stateof New York, have invented new and useful Improvementsiu Apparatus forManufacturing Illuminating-Gas,

IO Patent were granted-to menu the 24th day of June, 1884; and itconsists,'first, inaniron retort adapted to decomposesteam, protected bya jacket of clay or other refractory material, as I have found that theiron retorts de- 1 5 scribed in my patents above referred to aresubjected to a heat much more intense than is required, and they aretherefore rendered less durable without increased efficiency; second, inthe perforated diaphragms whereby theretort is separated intochambers,constructed of iron plates cast with projecting hollow hubsfrom anychilling by contact with the outside or tubes, said plates beingjoined by rods, so that theyare mutually supporting and may be easilyremoved or replaced, whereby the re- 2 5 tort is relieved from thegreater weight of the thick perforated tiles without decreasing the areaof the friction-surfaces in the tubes to which the gases are subjectedin passing; third, in providing with each mixing and fixing retort anextra hydrogen-pipe, whereby the quantity of hydrogen delivered to thehydrocarbon mixture may be varied without chang ing the adjustments atthemixing-injector, so that the richness in carbon may be regulated andvaried at pleasure without any changein the action of the injector.

Exposure to the direct action of the flames causes thenaked iron pipesto be heated greatly above the requisite degree, which is about cherryred, and the destruction of the metal is therefore increased without anycorresponding increase in efficiency. To obviate this unnecessarydestruction and to render the pipes more durable and more uniform intheir action Y by rendering their temperature more uniform, I

place my decomposing and mixing pipeswithiu a clay jacket, and I find itconvenient for this purpose to employ an ordinary clay retort. Ordinaryperforated tiles, when continuously 5 subjected to a high heat, becomefriable and crack and crumble, and I have therefore found that theperforations will sometimes become obstructed, and the failure in' anyway of a single perforated tile partition will disable the whole retort.The great weight of the tile partition will also sometimes cause theheated retort to sag or crack at'the bottom. To obviate thesedifficulties Inow make the perforated partitions whereby I divide" thefixingretort into separate chambers of these castiron plates, havinghollow hubs or tubes about four inches in lengthand three-fourths of aninch internal diameter cast integral; or, if preferred, short lengths ofsuitable pipes may be set in the mold and the molten iron cast aroundthem. These plates afford the necessary separation into chambers with adesirable length of friction-surface in the tubes, through which the hotgases rush and rub 1 with less weight and no" tendency to crumble orbreak down. I

My pipes, being all inclosed, areprotected air. The heat towhich theyare subjected gases are subjected to an increasingheat from the timethey enter the mixing-pipe until they leave the fixingretort.

The maximum efficiency of any injector is attained by an adjustment ofvolume and ve loeity of thejet to a definite volume of induced orinjected fluid. This definite relation need not be stated here, becauseit varies with the fluids employed, and because it is not necessary to astatement that when it has been attained any change in the volumes orvelocities will be at the expense of efliciency. Therefore, toincrease-or diminish the relative proportions of hydrogen andhydrocarbon passing from the mixinginjector will disturb the action ofthe injector and cause a loss in efliciency. I therefore adjust theinjector to move the maximum "olume of hydrocarbon and introduce anextra hydrogen-pipe, whereby the supply of hydrogen to reduce therichness or 9 tion through retorts A B. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectionof the mixing-injector.

Retort A is used expressly for producing hydrogen gas from superheatedsteam. Retorts B C D E are used for mixing and fixing the gas. A doublesuperheating steam-pipe and an eight-inch or ten-inch diameter ironretort filled with small pipes or iron borings, &c., are placed inretort A. The steam-pipe 1 from the boiler is connected with the innersuperheating-pipe, 2, and discharges the first superheated steam againstthe closed inner end of the outer pipe, 3. It returns to front betweenthe two red-hot surfaces of the pipes 2 and 3, and then passes from thefront end of the outer pipe, 3,- into another superheatingpipe, 4,leading into the front end of the iron retort 5 and back to within twoinches of rear end thereof, where the finished, dry,'red-hot superheatedsteam is discharged. It then returns tothe front end of said retort 5through the red-hot iron scraps or pieces of pipe, and during itspassageit becomes decomposed, the oxygen being absorbed by the iron, and theliberated gas from the decomposed superheated steam passes into a pipe,6, leading to the main pipe 7, and from this main distributing pipebranch pipes 8 are attached, leading to the innershell of each of themixinginjectors 9, each of which is attached to a hydrocarbon-pipe, 11,whereby the hot hydrocarbon vapor or liquid spray is blown into thehydrocarbon heating and mixing pipes 10, and thence to the rear end ofeach of the clay retorts B G D F.

Number 11 are the oil-pipes, which are attached to the outer shell ofeach one of the mixing heating-injectors where the hot oils aredelivered in regulated quantities, the by drogen being delivered red-hotinto the inner shell, which becomes red-hot and heats the oil or naphthato a vapor, which is by force discharged into the hydrocarbon heatingand mixing pipe leading from the front to the rear end of each of theretorts B O D E, where the red-hot hydrocarbon vapor is discharged, asmore fully shown in Fi 2, which shows a vertical longitudinal section ofa fixing-retort and a similar section of the decomposing or hydrogenretort with the iron retort 5 and double superheating-pipes 2 and 3,with all their connection, as fitted together inside the clay retort,forming a continuous connection from the steam-pipes to discharge ofhydrogen or decomposed steam to pipe leading to the distributingpipe.

The upper section in Fig. 2 shows the interior view of retorts B G D Eof the bench shown in Fig. 1, with the partitions 12 having hollow hubsor tubes four. inches long and three-fourths of an inch interiordiameter cast into them. These plates form the separate apartments ormixing-chambers Gr, and are connected together by iron braces 14. Thehydrocarbon heating and mixing pipe is connected with themixing-injector at the front end and discharges the hot vapors therefrominto the rear endpf the last chamber. As this hot vapor 1s discharged itexpands,

and thence has to pass through the red-hot pipes 13, where it issubjected to friction and further heating by the red-hot surfaces andthe remaining free oxygen is absorbed, and so on through each sectionand mixing-chamber to the uptake stand-pipes 20. .During this describedprocess a most thorough union of all the gases takes place, and theyremain permanently fixed.

An extra hydrogen-pipe, 15, leads from the distributing hydrogen-pipe 7to each one of the retorts B CD E, from front to rear end, along side oftheheating and mixing hydrocarbonpip'es 10. This hydrogenpipe l5discharges red-hot hydrogen gas in and among the red hot hydrocarbonvapors, the object of which is to reduce the rich quality of such hydrocarbon vaporsay from a fortycandle powor to a twenty or twenty-fivecandle power ere it becomes a fixed gas by its passage through thered-h0t pipes and mixing-chambers, as this is found to be the safest andbest 7 mode'of reducing to a uniform standard of twenty-five-candle gaswhen all hydrocarbon liquids are used for manfacturing gas by thiscontinued process. Fig. 3 shows the mixing and heating injector asfitted with the oil and hydrogen pipes, and also shows the dischargeinto the hydrocarbonvapor pipe 10.

In Fig. 1 is shown an injector, 19, with its oil and hydrogen pipesconnected to and discharging its red-hot vapor-gas into the furnace. Itis discharged among red-hot bricks laid on grates for the purpose ofheating the furnace and retorts contained therein. The air that maybecome necessary for perfected combustion enters underneath thegrate-surfaces and passes up through the spaces of red-hot brick, andbecomes highly heated ere it comes in contact with the blaze andgas-vapors, and perfects combustion and utilizes alllof thelcarbon.

In Fig. 1 retorts A and O areffshowniwith their caps removed. Theseveral controllingvalves are indicated by 16.

Having described my invention, I claim as new 1. A superheatingsteam-pipe taking steam from the boiler, and placed within an outersuperheatin g steam-pipe, and arranged in such a manner that the steamfrom the boiler shall first pass through the inner superheating-pipe andbe discharged at the rear end of the outer pipe, through which itreturns to the front, passing over the red-hot surface of the inner pipeand outer pipes, and an iron retort charged with small iron pipes oriron scraps for decomposing superheated steam,connected with saidsuperheating-pipes, and all inclosed within and combined with a clayjacket, whereby the iron pipes and retorts are protected from contactwith the flames of the furnacefire, substantially as and for the purposeset forth.

2. The pipe 2, arranged to take steam from the injector, theinclosing-pipe 3, stopped at its rearend, Within which pipe 2 is placed,as

shown, and the pipe 4, connected at one end IIO "steam are conveyed toand with said pipe 3, and at the other end discharging into the retort5, which is packed with scraps of iron, and the whole inclosed with aclay gas-retort, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The cast-iron partition-plates 12, providedwith the hollow hubs ortubes 13, substantially as described,plaeed within and combined with theclay retort, to divide the same into separate mixing and fixing chamberswithout overloading said retort, as set forth.

4. A gas-retort provided with cast-iron partition-plates 12, each ofsaid plates having the hollow hubs or tubes 13, said plates beingattached together and supported by stay-rods 14, and the mixing-pipe 10,whereby hydrocarbon vapors and the gases of decomposed discharged at therear end of said retort, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. A steam superheating and decomposing retort inclosed within a jacketof refractory clay, combined with a fixing and perfecting gas-retorthaving the several cast-iron plates 12, provided with the'iron pipesl3,placedinside each gas-retort, constituting mixing and said retort bymeans of the hot gases from decomposed steam, combined with an extrahydrogen-pipe adapted to discharge hydrogen into said retortindependently of saidinjector, whereby the injector may be adjusted formaximum efficiency and the richness or standard ofthe resultant gasesmay be regulated and controlled by the volume of hydrogen introducedthrough said extra pipe.

SILAS C. SALISBURY.

\Vitnesses:

HENRY B. CROSSETCL, J. NnLsoN LUCKEY.

